Published on August 18, 2025

ZFS-Root & ZFSBootMenu

1 minute read •

linux

Vorraussetzung: Mit einer ZFS fähigen Bootdisk (z.B. SystemRescue-ZFS) gestartet.

Festplatte vorbereiten:

mkdir --parents /mnt/gentoo

sgdisk -Z /dev/sda
sgdisk -a 4096 --new=1:+0:+1G --typecode=1:EF00 --change-name=1:"EFI" /dev/sda
sgdisk -a 4096 --new=2:+129M:+4G --typecode=2:8200 --change-name=2:"Linux swap" /dev/sda
sgdisk -a 4096 --new=3:+129M:-129M --typecode=3:bf00 --change-name=3:"tank" /dev/sda

ZFS Pool anlegen

zpool create -f \
 -o ashift=12 -o autotrim=on \
 -O acltype=posixacl -O xattr=sa -O atime=off -O compression=lz4 \
 -m none tank /dev/sda3

zfs create -o mountpoint=none tank/OS
zfs create -o mountpoint=/ -o canmount=noauto tank/OS/gentoo
zfs create -o mountpoint=/home -o relatime=on tank/HOME

zfs create -o mountpoint=none -o setuid=off tank/GENTOO
zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/db/repos -o exec=off tank/GENTOO/repos
zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/db/repos/gentoo tank/GENTOO/portage
zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/cache/distfiles -o compression=off -o exec=off tank/GENTOO/distfiles
zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/tmp/portage -o sync=disabled tank/GENTOO/build-dir

zfs create -o mountpoint=none -o setuid=off tank/VAR
zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/log -o sync=disabled tank/VAR/log
zfs create -o mountpoint=/tmp -o sync=disabled tank/VAR/tmp

zfs create -o mountpoint=none -o setuid=off tank/SRV
zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/www tank/SRV/www
...

zpool set bootfs=tank/OS/gentoo tank
zpool export tank

ZFS Pool laden

zpool import -N -R /mnt/gentoo tank

zfs mount tank/OS/gentoo
zfs mount -R tank/HOME
zfs mount -R tank/GENTOO
zfs mount -R tank/VAR
zfs mount -R tank/SRV

Hilfspartitionen formatieren

mkswap /dev/sda2
swapon /dev/sda2

mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sda1
mkdir --parents /mnt/gentoo/efi

Gentoo installieren

chmod 1777 /mnt/gentoo/tmp
wget 'ftp://gentoo.osuosl.org/pub/gentoo/releases/amd64/autobuilds/current-stage3-amd64-openrc/stage3-amd64-openrc-[0-9]*.tar.xz'
tar xpvf stage3-*.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner -C /mnt/gentoo

cp --dereference /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/

echo 'MAKEOPTS="-j4 -l5"' >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf
echo 'RUSTFLAGS="${RUSTFLAGS} -C target-cpu=native"' >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf

… weiter mit der Standard Gentoo Installation

emerge -av sys-kernel/gentoo-kernel

Kernel konfigurieren und compilieren

make localmodconfig
make nconfig
emerge -av sys-fs/zfs

ZFSbootmenu installieren

Alphaquadrant-Overlay installieren

cat <<EOF > /etc/portage/repos.conf/migmedia.conf
[AlphaQuadrant]
priority = 20
location = /var/db/repos/alpha-quadrant
sync-type = git
sync-uri = https://git.migmedia.net/gentoo/alpha-quadrant.git
auto-sync = true
masters = gentoo
EOF

emaint sync -a

emerge -av sys-boot/zfsbootmenu sys-boot/efibootmgr

zfs set org.zfsbootmenu:commandline="quiet loglevel=4" tank/OS

Datei /etc/zfsbootmenu/config.yaml ändern:

Global:
  ManageImages: true
  BootMountPoint: /boot/efi
[...]
EFI:
  Enabled: true
  #Stub: /usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/linuxx64.elf.stub
Kernel:
  CommandLine: ro quiet loglevel=0 zbm.show

ZFSbootmenu Kernel installieren

generate-zbm

efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -L "ZFSBootMenu" -l \\EFI\\ZBM\\VMLINUZ.EFI

System laden zum Reparieren

mkdir /mnt/gentoo
zpool import -N -R /mnt/gentoo tank -f
zfs mount tank/OS/gentoo
zfs mount -R tank/HOME
zfs mount -R tank/VAR
zfs mount -R tank/GENTOO
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot/efi

Referenzen: